The seed health test for fungi involves the identification and detection of fungal pathogens present in seeds, serving as a crucial process for assessing seed health, ensuring germination potential, and fulfilling phytosanitary requirements for seed trade and certification.

Seed health testing for bacteria is conducted to ensure seeds are free from bacterial pathogens that could impair germination, hinder crop growth, or reduce yield. This process aids in disease prevention, ensures compliance with regulatory standards, enhances crop productivity, and provides significant economic advantages.

Virus seed testing is a critical procedure in agriculture aimed at detecting and quantifying viral pathogens that can adversely affect seed quality, crop health, and overall agricultural productivity. Viruses can severely impact plant growth, leading to reduced yields and compromised plant vigor.Plant virus diseases are one of the major constraints to the global agriculture industry. The frequent emergence of new diseases is mainly due to international trade, climate change, and the ability of viruses for rapid evolution. Early and accurate detection and diagnosis, both in plants and carrier vectors, play a critical role in reducing disease spread and developing effective management strategies.

Viroids are small, circular RNA molecules that can cause significant diseases in plants, often leading to severe growth and yield reductions. Unlike viruses, viroids do not encode proteins; instead, they rely on the host's cellular machinery for replication. Testing for viroids in seeds is essential for maintaining seed quality and ensuring healthy crop production.

Nematodes are a group of microscopic, worm-like organisms that can be beneficial or harmful to plants and the soil in agriculture. Seed-borne nematodes are one of the most important biotic constraints in the crop production worldwide. Nematode diseases associated with seed usually go unnoticed as infected plants are rarely killed. They cause direct damage to the seed which may be internal ormay occur as seed infestation.

Weeds are unwanted plants that can severely impact agricultural productivity by competing with crops for nutrients, water, and light. Testing seeds for the presence of weed seeds is essential for effective crop management and maintaining the health of agricultural ecosystems.Weed seeds are easy to blend into other seeds of agricultural and forestry crops and other plant products, realizing the spread of weeds under natural conditions. By invading the growing environment of crops, wild native plants and other target plants, crop production is greatly reduced and ecological environment is seriously damaged.

Insect infestations can pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity by damaging crops, spreading diseases, and reducing seed viability. Testing seeds for the presence of insect pests is crucial for ensuring seed quality and promoting healthy plant growth.Insects can infest seeds by laying eggs in or among the kernels. The eggs hatch into larvae within a few days, and the larvae go through a series of growth stages.